①人选的标准是…：Inclusion / Entry criteria were consisted of ...

②不得人选的标准包括…：Exclusion criteria included...

③研究对象的选择是根据…：Selection was based on…；were selected based on …

④人选参加本研究的主要标准为…:The major criteria for inclusion in the study were...

⑤…如果有以下任何一条不得参加本项研究：…were excluded, from the study / participation / enrollment if they had any of the following...

⑥…因…被认为不适合：…were considered ineligible for ,..

⑦…参加本项研究： ... were entered into the study.

⑧…选自…：... were rccruited from ...

@在…被选入参加研究：…were enrolled at ./ in ...

⑩从…随机挑选…参加研究：…were selected at random from...

表示研究对象分组

①…被随机分成…：...were randomized into ...;…were randomly allocated to…

②…被分成…：…were divided into；...were giouped into...;... were stratified into ...

表示材料来源

①…来自…：…was from ...

②…由…提供：...was provided by ...

③…购自...：...was purchased from...

④…是从…获得：...was obtained from ...

⑤…是由…赠送：…was donated by ... ； was the / a gift of / from...;...was a donation from...

⑥用骨分析器（由夏威夷西门子奥斯汀公司生产）：using Osteo Analyzers (Simens-Osteorn, Wahiwas, Hawaii)

⑦人类免疫缺陷病毒的杭gp41小鼠单抗隆抗体（由华盛顿州西雅图市遗传 所的 Kathy Shriver 博士赠送）：mouse monoclonal antibody to gp41 of HIV (a gift fvom Dr Kathy Shriver, Genctic systems, Seattle, WA>

表示借鉴他人的实验方法 

①…用…方法分离：...was isolated by the procedure of …

②…根据…方法制备:...was prepared according to the method described by ...

③ 按照以前介绍的方法进行…:...was carried out as previously described 

@ 用以前介绍的技术分离…：…was separated by the technique described previously.

⑤用…方法测定…：---was determined by . " ; ... was measured with

⑥…与…相似：…was similar to ...

表示实验标本制备

①从…取…标本： Samples of …were obtained / taken from .,,

②取作…测定…的标本：.Samples for . . . were obtained / taken from...

③在…条件下收集…：...was collected / harvested under...conditions,

④用…固定…：...was fixed with...

⑤…用染色：...was stained with ...

⑥…被包埋在…：...was embedded in...

⑦和以前一样（用以前介绍过的方法）制备...的切片：Sections of…were prepared as before / as previously described.

⑤在…超薄切片机上制作切片：Sections were cut on a…ultramicrotome.

⑨…被切成...厚的切片:…was sectioned at a thickness of ...；…was sliced into sections

⑩…在…中脱水： ... was dehydrated in ...

表达稀释、培养等

①…被稀释到：…was diluted to…

②用…在…（温度）保温…小时：...was incubated with ... at ... for ... hours.

③…被种植在…培养基中：…was grown in ...medium

④取出一份…：An aliquot of …was removed.

⑤…被配制成悬涉液，浓度为：-.-was suspended to / at a concentration of

⑥…被保存在…（温度）:...was stored at...

表示年龄与性别

①在某一年龄，如 45 岁：a 45-year-old patient； a patient aged 45 (years) ； a patient 45 years of age； at the age of 45 (years) ； at age 45.

②在某一年龄以上，如 45 岁以上： over / above / more than the age of 45 years； over / more than 45 years of age; 45 years of age and over； 45 years of age or older； older than 45 years； aged over 45 years; aged 45 years and over.

③在某一年龄以下，如 45 岁以下：under / before / below /_ less than / after the age of 45 (years) ； 45 years of age and under； 45 years of age or less; less than 45 years； younger than 45-year-old.

④年龄范围，如 45 与 &5 岁之间：between the age of 45 and 55 (years)； from 45 to 55 years of age ； have an age range of 45 to 55 years j aged 45 to 55 years； range in age from 45 to 55 years.

⑤平均年龄，如：with a mean age of 45 ± 3 years； in both age groups (mean... months) ； with an average age of 45.4 years (range 20~60).

⑥性别比例：male-to-female ratio； with female-male ratio of 2 ：1;rats of both sexes； mixed-bred dogs of either sex

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